Research Article
Spatio-temporal Evolution of Land User and Changes in Dense Dry Forests in the Municipality of Santhiaba Manjaque in Lower Casamance (Southern Senegal)
Issue:
Volume 15, Issue 1, February 2026
Pages:
1-11
Received:
24 November 2025
Accepted:
15 December 2025
Published:
16 January 2026
Abstract: In Senegal, forest ecosystems have faced increasing pressure in recent decades. These pressures, both natural and anthropogenic, lead to observable changes in the forest landscape. Lower Casamance, the only site that hosts the country’s last remaining relics of dry dense forests, is not spared. The nature and the intensity of these changes affecting the dry dense forests remain poorly understood. The purpose of this study is to assess the dynamics of the dry dense forests in the township of Santhiaba Manjaque and to explain their causes. A diachronic analysis of Landsat satellite data was carried out and the supervised classification approach using the maximum likelihood method was chosen to discriminate classes and produce land cover maps for 1988, 2006, and 2024. Transition matrices were used to highlight the changes undergone by the different land cover units. The results showed a significant trend marked by an increase in the surface areas of dry dense forests and woody savannah, with 855.27 and 575.37 hectares respectively between 1988 and 2024. Conversely, a sharp decrease was observed in shrub savanna, with a loss of 771.47 hectares. Furthermore, the creation of change maps revealed that from 1988 to 2024, 628.54 ha of woody savannah and 452.16 ha of shrub savannah were converted into dry dense forests. The ongoing spatial transformations in the township of Santhiaba Manjaque include modifications recorded within the different vegetation formations and conversions between the classes of natural vegetation formations and the other land cover units. This study helped to shed light on the ongoing spatial transformation processes in the landscape of the township of Santhiaba Manjaque and to determine indicators that can serve as a basis for the management and conservation of forest resources in Senegal.
Abstract: In Senegal, forest ecosystems have faced increasing pressure in recent decades. These pressures, both natural and anthropogenic, lead to observable changes in the forest landscape. Lower Casamance, the only site that hosts the country’s last remaining relics of dry dense forests, is not spared. The nature and the intensity of these changes affectin...
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Research Article
Value Recovery of Septage Through Compost Production from Septage and Household Waste: Case of the Urban Municipality of Mamou, Guinea
Issue:
Volume 15, Issue 1, February 2026
Pages:
12-18
Received:
11 December 2025
Accepted:
30 December 2025
Published:
20 January 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajep.20261501.12
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Abstract: The management of septic sludge and household waste is a major challenge for cities in Guinea in general, and for the urban commune of Mamou in particular. The sanitation sector is very poorly structured, characterized by the predominance of independent facilities and the absence of regulation for emptying services. This study aims to carry out a trial for the valorization of these types of waste produced in the urban commune of Mamou. The methodology consisted of collecting the substrates (septic sludge and household waste). Then, a sampling of 34 kg of each type of waste was done for co-composting. The substrate composting process lasted 40 days; the quantities of compost produced were evaluated. The different substrates produced respectively 23.3 kg of compost for concentrated septic sludge, or 68.52%, with 10.7 kg of residue, or 31.47%. The household waste substrates produced 22.65 kg of compost, or 66.62%; with a amount of residue of 11.35 kg, or 33.38%. Co-composting (septic sludge with household waste) produced 28.69 kg of compost, or 84.38%, with a residue amount of 5.31 kg, or 15.61%. The curves showing the variation in composting temperature for the three types of substrates (septic sludge, household waste, and septic sludge + household waste) each display three phases (initial, short thermophilic, and stabilization). The results obtained show that co-composting the substrates is the most suitable method for valorizing septic sludge in the context of sustainable organic waste management in Mamou.
Abstract: The management of septic sludge and household waste is a major challenge for cities in Guinea in general, and for the urban commune of Mamou in particular. The sanitation sector is very poorly structured, characterized by the predominance of independent facilities and the absence of regulation for emptying services. This study aims to carry out a t...
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